Photoshop was introduced in 1987 and brought photographic manipulation within everyone's reach. Over 35 years later, it has continued to evolve--current features like Generative Fill allow you to simply type what you want Photoshop to add, and the results are images that never appeared in any viewfinder. It's ubiquitousness allows us to say "It's probably Photoshopped," without considering what our casual acceptance of that artificiality might mean. But as AI tools grow stronger and more pervasive, scholars like those below have begun to seriously address those issues.

Each is available online in the library catalog